Symbols and abbreviations xx
1 Basic pathology 1
Pathological terminology 2
Cellular adaptations 3
Cellular death 4
Infl ammation & healing 5
Innate immunity 6
Adaptive immunity 8
Hypersensitivity reactions 10
Neoplasia 11
Carcinogenesis 12
2 Infectious diseases 15
Microbes 16
Antimicrobial agents 17
Human immunodefi ciency virus 18
Tuberculosis 20
Infectious mononucleosis 21
Malaria 22
Syphilis 24
Lyme disease 25
Leishmaniasis 26
3 Vascular pathology 27
Atherosclerosis 28
Shock 30
Hypertension 31
Chronic lower limb ischaemia 32
Acute lower limb ischaemia 33
Aortic dissection 34
Abdominal aortic aneurysm 35
Varicose veins 36
Deep vein thrombosis 37
4 Cardiac pathology 39
Congenital heart disease 40
Angina pectoris 42
Unstable angina 43
Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction 44
ST-elevation myocardial infarction 46
Left ventricular failure 48
Right ventricular failure 50
Valvular heart disease 51
Cardiomyopathies 52
Infective endocarditis 53
Myocarditis 54
Pericarditis 55
5 Respiratory pathology 57
Respiratory tract malformations 58
Benign sinonasal diseases 59
Sinonasal malignancies 60
Nasopharyngeal diseases 61
Laryngeal diseases 62
Respiratory failure 63
Acute respiratory distress syndrome 64
Bronchiectasis 65
Cystic fi brosis 66
Pulmonary thromboembolism 67
Pulmonary hypertension 68
Asthma 69
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 70
Bacterial pneumonia 72
Idiopathic pulmonary fi brosis 74
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis 76
Lung carcinoma 78
Pleural effusion 80
Pneumothorax 81
Malignant mesothelioma 82
6 Gastrointestinal pathology 83
Gastrointestinal malformations 84
Oral cavity diseases 86
Salivary gland diseases 87
Oesophagitis 88
Oesophageal polyps and nodules 89
Oesophageal carcinoma 90
Gastritis 92
Gastric polyps 93
Gastric carcinoma 94
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours 96
Peptic duodenitis 97
Coeliac disease 98
Small bowel infarction 99
Intestinal infections 100
Intestinal obstruction 102
Acute appendicitis 103
Crohn’s disease 104
Ulcerative colitis 105
Microscopic colitis 106
Colorectal polyps 108
Colorectal carcinoma 110
Diverticular disease 112
Anal pathology 113
7 Hepatobiliary pathology 115
Acute viral hepatitis 116
Chronic viral hepatitis 117
Alcoholic liver disease 118
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 119
Autoimmune hepatitis 120
Primary biliary cirrhosis 121
Primary sclerosing cholangitis 122
Wilson’s disease 123
Hereditary haemochromatosis 124
Cirrhosis 125
Benign liver lesions 126
Hepatocellular carcinoma 127
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma 128
Cholecystitis 129
Extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma 130
8 Pancreatic pathology 131
Pancreatic malformations 132
Acute pancreatitis 133
Chronic pancreatitis 134
Pancreatic ductal carcinoma 135
Pancreatic endocrine tumours 136
Pancreatic cystic tumours 138
Acinar cell carcinoma 139
9 Renal pathology 141
Chronic kidney disease 142
Acute renal failure 144
Hypertensive nephropathy 145
Diabetic nephropathy 146
Minimal change disease 147
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 148
Membranous nephropathy 149
IgA nephropathy 150
Acute tubular injury 151
Acute drug-induced interstitial nephritis 152
Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease 153
Refl ux nephropathy 154
Obstructive nephropathy 155
10 Urological pathology 157
Genitourinary malformations 158
Urinary tract infection 160
Urinary tract obstruction 162
Urinary calculi 164
Cystic renal diseases 165
Benign renal tumours 166
Renal cell carcinoma 168
Childhood renal tumours 170
Urothelial carcinomas 172
Benign prostatic hyperplasia 174
Prostate carcinoma 176
Testicular germ cell tumours 178
Testicular non-germ cell tumours 180
Paratesticular diseases 181
Urethral diseases 182
Penile diseases 183
Scrotal diseases 184
11 Gynaecological pathology 185
Vulval skin diseases 186
Benign vulval tumours 187
Vulval carcinoma 188
Vaginal infections 190
Vaginal tumours 191
Cervical carcinoma 192
Cervical screening 194
Endometriosis 195
Endometrial carcinoma 196
Uterine leiomyomas 198
Functional ovarian cysts 200
Polycystic ovarian syndrome 202
Benign ovarian tumours 204
Ovarian carcinomas 206
Pelvic infl ammatory disease 208
Ectopic pregnancy 209
Hydatidiform moles 210
Pre-eclampsia 212
12 Breast pathology 215
Duct ectasia 216
Acute mastitis 217
Fat necrosis 218
Fibrocystic change 219
Fibroadenoma 220
Intraductal papilloma 222
Radial scar 223
Proliferative breast diseases 224
Ductal carcinoma in situ 225
Invasive breast carcinomas 226
Breast screening 228
Male breast diseases 229
13 Endocrine pathology 231
Diabetes mellitus 232
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis 234
Graves’ disease 235
Nodular goitre 236
Follicular adenoma 237
Thyroid carcinomas 238
Parathyroid hyperplasia 240
Parathyroid adenoma 241
Parathyroid carcinoma 242
Addison’s disease 243
Adrenal cortical adenoma 244
Adrenal cortical carcinoma 246
Phaeochromocytoma 248
Neuroblastoma 250
Pituitary adenoma 252
14 Haematopathology 255
Iron defi ciency anaemia 256
Anaemia of chronic disease 257
Megaloblastic anaemias 258
Hereditary spherocytosis 259
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase defi ciency 260
Thalassaemias 261
Sickle cell disorders 262
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 264
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 265
von Willebrand disease 266
Haemophilia 267
Thrombophilia 268
Acute B-lymphoblastic leukaemia 269
Acute myeloid leukaemias 270
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia 271
Chronic myelogenous leukaemia 272
Polycythaemia vera 273
Essential thrombocythaemia 274
Primary myelofi brosis 275
Myelodysplastic syndromes 276
Follicular lymphoma 277
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 278
Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma 279
Mantle cell lymphoma 280
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma 281
Plasma cell myeloma 282
Primary amyloidosis 283
15 Skin pathology 285
Eczemas 286
Psoriasis 287
Lichen planus 288
Erythema multiforme 289
Granuloma annulare 290
Pemphigus vulgaris 291
Bullous pemphigoid 292
Dermatitis herpetiformis 293
Erythema nodosum 294
Pyoderma gangrenosum 295
Skin infections 296
Benign cutaneous lumps 298
Basal cell carcinoma 300
Squamous cell carcinoma 301
Malignant melanoma 302
Mycosis fungoides 304
16 Osteoarticular pathology 305
Osteoarticular malformations 306
Osteoporosis 307
Paget’s disease 308
Osteomalacia 309
Osteomyelitis 310
Benign bone tumours 311
Malignant bone tumours 312
Osteoarthritis 313
Rheumatoid arthritis 314
Spondyloarthropathies 315
Crystal arthropathies 316
Septic arthritis 317
Soft tissue tumours 318
17 Neuropathology 321
Nervous system malformations 322
Epilepsy 323
Head injury 324
Cerebral infarction 325
Intracerebral haemorrhage 326
Subarachnoid haemorrhage 328
Meningitis 330
Cerebral infections 331
Multiple sclerosis 332
Alzheimer’s disease 333
Dementia with Lewy bodies 334
Parkinson’s disease 335
Huntington’s disease 336
Motor neurone disease 337
Creutzfeldt–Jacob disease 338
Central nervous system neoplasms 340
Guillain–Barré syndrome 342
Myasthenia gravis 343
18 Multisystem diseases 345
Systemic lupus erythematosus 346
Systemic sclerosis 348
Sarcoidosis 349
Vasculitis 350
Index 351