CHAPTER I: BASIC CONCEPTS OF ECG-1
• Specialized Conductive System of the Heart-3
• Anatomy of Conductive Tissues-4
• Coronary Circulation-5
• Properties of Cardiac Muscles-6
• Nerve Supply of the Heart-6
• Electrocardiogram-7
— Interpretation of ECG-9
— Brief Discussion about ECG Paper-10
— Normal ECG-12
— Details of Waves and Intervals-14
– P-R Interval-16
– Q Wave-17
– R Wave-18
– S Wave-19
– QRS Complex-20
– ST Segment-22
– T Wave-23
– U Wave-24
– QT Interval-25
– Rhythm of Heart-26
– Characters of Sinus Rhythm-26
– Calculation of Heart Rate-27
– Cardiac Axis-28
– Normal Variants in ECG-30
– Exercise ECG (ETT)-30
CHAPTER II: ECG CHANGES IN DIFFERENT DISEASES-31
• Left Ventricular Hypertrophy-33
• Right Ventricular Hypertrophy-35
• Biventricular Hypertrophy (LVH and RVH)-36
• Left Atrial Hypertrophy-37
• Right Atrial Hypertrophy-38
• Combined Left and Right Atrial Hypertrophy (Biatrial Hypertrophy)-39
• Atrial Fibrillation-40
• Ashman Phenomenon-43
• Artial Flutter-44
• Ventricular Ectopic-45
• Ventricular Tachycardia-47
• Torsades De Pointes-49
• Ventricular Fibrillation-50
• Heart Block-51
• SA Block-52
• First Degree AV Block-54
• Second Degree AV Block-55
• Complete Heart Block (3rd Degree)-57
• Atrioventricular Dissociation-59
• Right Bundle Branch Block-60
• Fascicular Block (Hemiblock)-61
• Left Bundle Branch Block-63
• Myocardial Infarction-64
• Acute Pericarditis-72
• Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome-74
• Lown-Ganong-Levine Syndrome-76
• Sinus Arrhythmia-77
• Sinus Tachycardia-78
• Sinus Bradycardia-79
• Supraventricular Tachycardia-80
• Nodal Rhythm (Junctional Rhythm)-83
• Atrial Tachycardia-84
• Pacemaker-85
• Digitalis (Digoxin) Effect-89
• Hypokalemia-91
• Hyperkalemia-92
• Pulmonary Embolism-94
• Dextrocardia-96
• Electromechanical Dissociation-98
• Hypothermia-99
• COPD-99
• Hypermagnesemia-99
• Hypomagnesemia-99
• Atrial Septal Defect-100
• Hypothyroidism-100
• Hyperthyroidism-100
• Hypocalcemia-100
Contents xv
• Hypercalcemia-100
• Pericardial Effusion-101
• Wandering Pacemaker-102
• Atrial Ectopic-103
• Ventricular Bigeminy-105
• Ventricular Trigeminy-106
• Ventricular Quadrigeminy-106
CHAPTER III: 150 TRACINGS OF ECG-107
• Findings of ECG Tracings-259
Suggested Reading-271
Index-273